A National Profile Of Family And Unpaid Caregivers

In the U.S., there is an essential population of informal caregivers that devote a significant amount of time and resources to caring for older adults with impairments. However, due to the informal nature of these caregiver relationships, there is a lack of knowledge and understanding of this population. In â€Å"A National Profile of Family and Unpaid Caregivers Who Assist Older Adults with Health Care Activities (2016)†, Wolff and colleagues highlight the importance of understanding the responsibilities of caregivers and how this may affect their own health, as well as the need to identify the basic characteristics of informal caregivers. Therefore, the primary objective of this study by Wolff and colleagues (2016) was to characterize the common responsibilities of caregivers, their utilization of supportive services, as well as to identify the effects of caregiver-related responsibilities on their health. Ultimately, this information may inform future public health service s and health care systems to provide much needed support and resources to these caregivers. In order to address the study objectives, Wolff and colleagues (2015) developed multiple outcomes to characterize informal caregivers. To evaluate the health and wellbeing of caregivers, the primary outcomes were self-reported financial, emotional, and physical difficulties that were related to caregiving activities. Additional indicators of health and wellbeing among caregivers that were utilized as primary outcomesShow MoreRelatedInformal Caregivers : An Informal Caregiver1654 Words   |  7 Pages The second type is referred to as an informal caregiver. These individuals are unpaid and are typically a spouse, partner, family member, friend, or neighbor who are involved in assisting others with activities of daily living and/or medical tasks (â€Å"Population,† 2014). According to the Family Caregiver Alliance National Center on Caregiving, it is estimated that in the United States (US) â€Å"approximately 43.5 million caregivers have provided unpaid care to an adult or child in the last 12 months†Read MoreCaregiver Stress Essay1172 Words   |  5 Pagesthe care will be provided by informal unpaid caregivers. The number of informal unpaid caregivers is expected to rise from 20 million in 2000 to 37 million in 2050 (Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation [ASPE], 2003). Because of the burden of care giving, many caregivers will experience depression, poor health and quality of life (Etters, Goodall, Harrison, 2008). Their well-being is an important public health concern. Caregiver burden, also called stress, distress orRead MoreThe Legal Basis For Maternity1342 Words   |  6 Pages(Bachu, 1995). For those women with young children who are employed, the majority (65%) return to work shortly after the birth of their child, and most work full time (Hayghe, 1986). In light of these statistics for maternal employment, child and family advocates have pushed for parental leave legislation and supportive policies in employment settings. Prior to 1963, the fact that women bear children was treated as a legal justification for excluding women from certain occupations, limiting theirRead MoreHsc 4222-3721989 Words   |  8 Pagesat such a young age, find it more difficult to access appropriate information and support. Much of the support for people with dementia comes from family and friends, who provide unpaid care. Younger people with dementia are more likely to have younger partners and family, who may be in work and/or education. This may mean that their friends and family are also less available to provide support for them. The specific needs of younger people with dementia have been recognised in the dementia strategiesRead MoreAging in America Essay 22784 Words   |  12 PagesServices (1999) reported an estimated 15% of U.S. adults are providing special care for seriously ill or disabled relatives (p. 2), and that 20% to 40% of caregivers are caring for children under age 18 at the same time. Many younger ag ing Americans (baby boomers) made the choice to remain childless, or to delay marriage and starting a family. Further, among the oldest of the old (85+), many may have outlived their children. These two factors have resulted in a growing number of aging AmericansRead MoreBrazilian Laws Do Not Fully Address The Issues Of Domestic Work2760 Words   |  12 Pagespolicies are experienced by women in different ways. By law, a domestic worker is defined as a person, beyond 18 years of age, who works on a continuous basis for a person or a family within a place of residence. The categories of domestic workers in Brazil include: cooks, nannies, cleaners, guards, drivers, gardeners, caregivers, and house managers. Domestic workers are usually called â€Å"domestic employees† or â€Å"empregados domà ©sticos,† and the law differentiates domestic employees from self-employed domesticRead MoreWho Are You Calling Old? Negotiating Old Age Identity in the Elderly Consumption Ensemble Michelle Barnhart Àà º Lisa Penaloza18943 Words   |  76 PagesWho Are You Calling Old? Negotiating Old Age Identity in the Elderly Consumption Ensemble MICHELLE BARNHART ËÅ" LISA PENALOZA As the elderly population increases, more family, friends, and paid service providers assist them with consumption activities in a group that the authors conceptualize as the elderly consumption ensemble (ECE). Interviews with members of eight ECEs demonstrate consumption in advanced age as a group phenomenon rather than an individual one, provide an account of how the practicesRead MoreWomen Entrepreneurs in Bangladesh: a Case Study on Boutique Business10735 Words   |  43 Pagesessential part of human resource development. Women entrepreneurs have started show in more interest because it provides them an opportunity to be ones own boss, the challenges they want to face and the chances of making more money, which outweigh their family duties. Moreover, technological development empowers women to acquire more relevant qualifications and values to meet the demands of entrepreneurship. In regard to women entrepreneurs, we can note that women business owners typically have fewer yearsRead MoreImportant Law Enforcement Facts19721 Words   |  79 Pagesdropped. | |The Federal Government maintains a high profile in many areas of law enforcement. Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) agents are| |the Government’s principal investigators, responsible for investigating violations of more than 260 statutes and conducting | |sensitive national security investigations. Agents may conduct surveillance, monitor court-authorized wiretaps, examine business | |records, investigateRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 Pages vi Contents Top Management Commitment 43 Effective Upward Communication 43 Determining What to Communicate 44 Allowing for Feedback 44 Information Sources 44 The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 62 The Civil Rights Act of 1991 63 The Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993 63 Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment Rights Act of 1994 64 Relevant Executive Orders 64 vii WORKPLACE ISSUES: HRM Certification 44 Is a Career in HRM for Me? 45 ETHICAL ISSUES IN HRM: Purposely Distorting

The Years Of Slavery The Torment Of A Slave Girl By...

The Years of Slavery: The Torment of a Woman’s Soul. In the book Incidents in The Life of a Slave Girl, the author, Harriet Jacobs takes us into American history of the nineteenth century of unjust slavery and cruelty, with which individuals of both genders had to struggle with. The story is told through a voice of a young African-American woman, a strong and a devoted mother, a faithful Christian soul, and a slave. Her early struggles to survive, to endure years of psychological abuse from her master, and later escape from bondage to freedom. Through this narrative, the author exemplifies the strongest of wills, the enduring and caring love for her two children, and the perseverance to achieve personal freedom.†¦show more content†¦She later made a successful escape to New York, achieved freedom, and was reunited with her children. During this whole ordeal the relationship with her grandmother proves to be a major key that holds her life and family together. Aunt Martha(grandmother) was always there for Linda. A free black woman she was respected for her character and beloved within her community. She was the source of inspiration and spirituality to young Linda and was always there in need of comfort or help. She tried on multiple occasions to buy her granddaughters freedom but failed. Linda loved and appreciated her: â€Å"She was so loving, so sympathizing! She always met us with a smile, and listened with patience to all our sorrows. She spoke so hopefully, that unconsciously the clouds gave place to sunshine.† (Jacobs, 15). By harboring her granddaughter as a fugitive for seven years in her attic she greatly risked the safety of her own life. When Linda was in hiding, or on the run, Aunt Martha provided a comforting and watchful home for little Benny and Ellen (Linda’s children). She always r emained a stable rock for that family no matter the difficulties. Mrs. Bruce (second) came into the story later when Linda escaped and ended up in New York. At that point Linda worked as a nanny for the original Mrs. Bruce but then she died and after a short time was replaced by the second Mrs. Bruce. As a matter of fact, both were extremely kind and open hearted towardsShow MoreRelatedHarriet Jacobs s Story : The True Meaning Of A Slave s Quest For Freedom1682 Words   |  7 PagesHarriet Jacobs’s story informs the reader of her experiences and transformative tribulations she had to undergo from childhood to adulthood. No one in today’s society could come close to comprehending the amount of heartache, torment, anguish, and complete misery women had to suffer and endure during slavery. However, we can all learn from Jacobs’s heartbreaking story to understand the true meaning of a slave’s quest for freedom and the inalienable bond a mother has for her children. Life was toughRead MoreGender Specific Slavery During The Period Of The Civil War1198 Words   |  5 Pages2655/3655 28 December 2014 Gender-Specific Slavery During the period of the Civil War, chattel slavery was very prominent in the United States in the 19th century. Being treated more as personal property as opposed to an actual human being, some slaves managed to rebel and write down their account of white slave owners’ dehumanization of black slaves. In social reformer and writer Frederick Douglass’ Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass an American Slave he writes of rebelling against his physicallyRead MoreIncidents In The Life A Slave Girl Summary1630 Words   |  7 Pages Harriet Jacobs writes, â€Å"No pen can give an adequate description of all [the] pervading corruption of slavery.† In the book, Incidents in the Life a Slave Girl, Harriet Jacobs recount her time as a slave before escaping the cruelties of slavery to freedom. This quote from the book outlines the intelligence Harriet Jacobs has about the torment in slavery. In the beginning of the book the preface and the editor’s introduction to the book outline Harriet Jacobs story. Both the preface and the author’sRead MoreA Comparison Of Writings By Harriet Jacobs And Frederick Douglass1718 Words   |  7 PagesA Comparison of Writings by Harriet Jacobs and Frederick Douglass In this paper I will compare the writings of Harriet Jacobs and Frederick Douglass. I will touch on their genre, purpose, content, and style. Both authors were born into slavery. Both escaped to freedom and fought to bring an end to slavery, each in their own way. Both Jacobs and Douglass have a different purpose for their writings. Harriet Jacobs and Frederick Douglass were both slaves that wrote about their strugglesRead MoreIncidents in the Life of a Slave Girl748 Words   |  3 PagesIncidents in the Life of a Slave Girl The story I will be discussing is entitled Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl by Harriet Ann Jacobs. This book is relative to more than a few of previous topics that have been discussed in class during lectures. The book touches on the struggles that enslaved women faced on a day to day basis. It follows the life on author Harriet Ann Jacobs and does an excellent job demonstrating how women in bondage unlike their free white counterparts, had no male figureRead More Comparing Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave and Incidents in the Life2158 Words   |  9 PagesComparing Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave and Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl What provokes a person to write about his or her life? What motivates us to read it? Moreover, do men and women tell their life story in the same way? The answers may vary depending on the person who answers the questions. However, one may suggest a reader elects to read an autobiography because there is an interest. This interest allows the reader to draw from the narratorsRead MoreCritical Analysis of Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl Essay examples1614 Words   |  7 Pageslife of a slave woman is far more complex than that of a slave man, although understandably equal in hardships, the experience for a woman is incredibly different. The oppression that women have faced throughout their lives in the struggle to even be considered equal to men is more than evident in slavery, not only because they were thought of as lesser but in some ways many women actually believed it to be true. The experiences that Linda Brent, pseudonym for the author Harriet A. Jacobs, went throu ghRead MoreIncidents In The Life Of A Slave Girl Essay1936 Words   |  8 Pages Harriet Jacobs Racial and Gender Oppression Harriet Jacobs wrote, â€Å"Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl† using the pseudonym Linda Brent, and is among the most well-read female slave narratives in American history. Jacobs faces challenges as both a slave and as a mother. She was exposed to discrimination in numerous fronts including race, gender, and intelligence. Jacobs also appeals to the audience about the sexual harassment and abuse sheRead MoreThe Moral Dilemma And Hypocrisy Of Slavery Essay1907 Words   |  8 PagesAbraham Lincoln gave a speech in which he addressed the moral dilemma and hypocrisy of slavery. â€Å"We cannot be free if this is, by our own national choice, to be a land of slavery.† President Lincoln’s rhetoric reflects the challenge to define freedom in America; moreover, it reflects his morality and commitment to upholding personal freedom. It justifies why he does not ignore slavery, as well as why he did not see slaves as property, but as a group of humans who had been abus ively denied freedom, andRead MoreThe Life Of Frederick Douglass And Harriet Jacobs Essay1777 Words   |  8 PagesDouglass and Harriet Jacobs, slaves in the United States, as well as Olaudah Equiano, who spent time as a slave in North America, attest to the deeply embedded tradition of slavery in North American society. Slavery grew and was maintained through the dehumanization of the slaves, which was carried out through negligence and psychological and physical abuse. This allowed slave owners to exercise complete control over their slaves, extending to the objectification and rape of female slaves. Although

What Creates One’s Identity Free Essays

In the book, â€Å"a complicated kindness†, written by Miriam Toews, the main character, Nomi Nickel, fights through many obstacles in her life and learns what reality is. Her characteristics and identities are built in her by the places she lives. The struggling in living without her mother and older sister has made her doing so much than what she would. We will write a custom essay sample on What Creates One’s Identity or any similar topic only for you Order Now The small town and her religion have a huge impact in her, where she hates the place but she learns to love it. Her dream of being free has more inspiration in her which makes her wanting to go to the outside world. After learning so much as she has to, she becomes a responsible, kind and strong young adult. When one loss something they would always get something back in reverse, by which cases the one always learns from what she has to go through. In the book, Nomi’s sister and mother’s sudden disappearance has made her handle lot things that she wouldn’t do and handle by herself if she has a full family. â€Å"It’s been three years so far. My period started the day after Trudie left which means I’ve bled thirty-six times since they’ve been gone†(Toews, 5). The quote shows us that Nomi, the main character, has to handle suffers as being a female after her mom has left her. She has to handle it without anyone’s helping. It was the responsible she learns without noticing it herself. â€Å"Doing laundry can be a really interesting thing and intriguing process. Emptying people’s pockets, noticing odours and stains and items, folding the clothes afterwards, opening drawers, putting everything away†(Toews, 35). In the process of learning, Nomi has become responsible and enjoying what she is learning to do. An individual’s past always teaches them how to be a better and kind person. When one thinks about their past over with different point of views, they would realize what they had mistaken. From the book, Nomi often have flashbacks about what she did to others, she then could find the demerit she had done. She is a Mennonite, but she hated her own religion. After she’d look back what she did and how she treated some people, she has learnt how she should treat others nicely. â€Å"My guidance counselor has suggested to me that I change my attitude about this place and learn to love it. But I do, I told her. Oh, that’s rich, she said. That’s rich† (Toews, 8). â€Å"East village has given me the faith to believe in the possibility of happy family reunion someday† (Toews, 324). The quotes tells the change in Nomi, where she becomes someone different. From hating the village to loving it was by changing in herself. One’s dream leads possibilities to the one. The courage of people do something they were afraid has to come from what she believe. Nomi, the girl who lives in a religious town with lots of rules, wants to have freedom. She has a dream of being herself. She wants to get out of the town and a new life. After her father leaves her, which he knows he has to leave first to let go of Nomi, Nomi decide to go to the outside world with no fears. â€Å"I dream of escaping into the real world. I would love t read the diary of a girl my age- a girl from the city. Or a textbook on urban planning. Or a New York City phone book. I would be killed to own a New York City phone book† (Toews, 8). â€Å"I meant to thank you Ray for, in the midst of his own multitude of crap and bewilderment, knowing one true thing. That I would never have left him and that if I were ever to get out of that town, he would have to leave first† (Toews, 322). Nomi wants to go outside so much she would do anything to have freedom, but she promises her father that she’d never leave her father alone. But after her father left, she has noting to worry about. She has the courage of going outside. She is strong. One’s identity is built in them by many factors; life struggling, past and dream. All of the factors are based on realities. Dream is a big part of reality when one believes in themselves. An individual might not realize how dream works out for their identity, but it is the most important part of building their identities. How to cite What Creates One’s Identity, Papers

Mcdonalds Business Strategy free essay sample

, Inc. 11410 N. E. 124th Street #223 Kirkland, Washington 98034 USA O: 425-822-3106 C: 206-257-9839 [emailprotected] com Table of Contents Page 3 Page 5 Page 6 Page 9 Page 11 Page 12 Page 16 Page 18 Page 21 Executive Summary Our Business Plan The Market Defined World View Pilot Program (Ethiopia) Projected Market Share Market Strategy Promotion Competition The Bottled Water Industry Product Development Four Keys Norit Ultra-Filtration System (Perfector – E) Solar Powered Modules Prototype configuration and assembly The Patented 20-liter Tamper-proof Bottle Organizational Development USAgua Partnership Program US Home Office East Africa Central Assembly Distribution (Operators to Owners) Mile Stones Financial Statements Sales Projections Personnel Budgets Cash Flow Projections Income Statements Projected Expense Statements Projected 2 Executive Summary W e are now in a position to profitably enter into the lucrative and expanding worldwide market for pure, clean, safe drinking water. We have developed and will introduce to the world, the concept of small community commercial water purification systems. We call our systems ‘USAguaâ„ ¢ Pure Water Kiosks’. Each of our Kiosks is capable of taking in 8,000 liters of dangerously polluted raw water every day and, through the technologically phenomenal process of ultra-filtration, they process that unhealthy water into safe, clean, purified drinking water. Our systems are containerized, modular, solar powered and ultra-filtered they function completely ‘off-the-grid’. Our markets are the vibrant, sophisticated, newly emerging middle-classes of the developing world. These middle-class niches represent over one billion people and their numbers are growing daily. These people realize the importance of safe drinking water for themselves and their families but, at the same time, they know that their governments are incapable of providing this most basic need. What is important to our program is that these middle class families are financially capable of paying for our water. The proof is the fact that they now consume literally tens of millions of gallons of bottled water every year. Our competition is the bottled water industry and, very soon, we will have a substantial piece of that market. The product we sell is clean, pure, safe drinking water. How we produce, market and sell our product is through our USAgua Pure Water Kiosks Program. Our Kiosks are a melding of two wonderful technologies just now coming into their own. The first is called ‘ultra-filtration’. Picture a bundle of spaghetti sized perforated tubes through which polluted water is pumped under pressure. The perforations are so small that they block viruses, bacteria and parasites down to a ‘Log 2-4’ EPA rating. This means that the water we sell is 99. 99% pure or better when it leaves our system. And, because the filters require only ‘back-flushing’ instead of costly filter replacements, the long-term costs are minimized. The second basic technology we have employed is Solar Power. Our Kiosks, including all the necessary pumps, batteries, electronics and lighting requirements run perfectly using a Solar Power package designed specifically for our needs. The initial costs of the solar option are steep, but the long term reliability, the fact that we don’t depend on any outside sources of energy and the nearly-maintenance-free specifications we have developed, make them a perfect fit in developing countries. Our ultra filtration systems and our solar power systems have been rigorously field tested by their manufacturers. Our own design engineers have melded the two technologies together, combined them with our storage tanks and lab gear and integrated them seamlessly into our retail USAgua Kiosks. After a final prototype development program, our manufacturer s will ship their modules to our USAgua Central Assembly Plants in our target markets. We will use local technicians to retrofit universally available freight containers and perform final installation and assembly. Once our Kiosks are complete, they will be delivered to our ‘Operators’ in the field. Our Management Team will locate, recruit and train local ‘Operators’ in our various ‘Target Markets’. In time, our Operators will be given the opportunity to own their own USAgua Kiosk, thus allowing us to tap the entrepreneurial energy and spirit that can be found within individuals in every corner of the world. Our USAgua Operator program will ensure our market position and stability through world-wide name branding, equipment standardization, standardized maintenance routines and universally accepted accounting procedures. With the help of some very smart engineers we have developed the concept of our USAgua Pure Water Kiosks. At the same time, we have put together a business model that takes the best of the American business concepts we are so proud of and we, very carefully, introduce them into the potentially lucrative new middle-class markets of the developing world. Our ‘financial package’ is strong. Our assumptions and our projections are conservative, our research is up to date and our key players are heavy on both education and real world experience. We are ready to take the next giant step forward. To that end, we are asking to secure a US $2,200,000 Investment package so that we can bring our USAgua International Program to fruition. Please, feel free to call me anytime for more information or clarifications. Sincerely, Timothy McDonald 4 Our Business Plan The World Wide Market Defined: Of the 6 billion people in the world today, over 3 billion1 live either totally ‘off-the-grid’ or in communities not serviced by safe, dependable water systems. Families within this demographic, no matter their economic level, are left vulnerable to water borne diseases including viruses, parasites and bacteria. The negative social and economic repercussions of not having access to safe, clean drinking water are immense. Some United Nations reports have gone so far as to predict that safe drinking water will be as economically significant as oil within the next decade2. We intend to be a big player in solving the drinking water problem. We have designed both our USAgua Water Purification System and our Business Model to be universally adaptable. Our equipment and our business model will function beautifully in the suburbs of Nairobi, along the Yangtze River in China and in the mountains of northern India. Anywhere there is both a source of water (no matter how polluted) and an open view of the sun, our USAgua water purification systems will work. Anywhere there are energetic and entrepreneurial individuals who aspire to a better life for their families, our USAgua Operator network will prosper. At the ‘Macro’ scale, our market is unlimited. Good business practices, however, dictate that we start small and grow carefully. We will introduce our program to a small, representative market we are familiar with. One that can be easily documented and controlled. In our ‘Pilot Market’ we will learn a great deal from both our successes and our mistakes. Once we have field proven both our equipment and our business model, we will enter additional markets with much greater knowledge and enthusiasm. _________________________________ It is very important to understand that we are in competition with the ‘Bottled Water Industry’ in all aspects of our program. The statistics and the markets for bottled water, world wide, are the statistics and markets relevant to USAguaâ„ ¢. _______________________________________ 1 2 United Nations Development Program Report – August 2008 United Nations Development Program Report – August 2008 5 Our Ethiopian Pilot Program and Our Share of the Market For several reasons, including a thirty year professional involvement in East Africa, we have chosen the country of Ethiopia to establish our ‘Pilot Program’. The Ethiopian Market Defined: Population (millions) 2007 Population growth (annual %) Life expectancy at birth (years) Literacy rate GNI (US $ billions) GNI per capita (US $ ) 78. 6 2. 6 55. 0 38. 5 19. 4 220. 0 The United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) acquired these statistics: Health of population using improved drinking-water sources, 2006, total 42 (cut and paste from the UNICEF 2008 Report) These UNICEF statistics show us that there is a large segment of the Ethiopian population that understands the need for safe water. The definition of ‘improved drinking-water sources’, however, does not address the quality of the water. It only documents the fact that the water has been drawn from a centralized source and is conveyed to the end user via an established distribution network; either municipal water systems, tanker trucks or bottled water. The water may or may not be processed. It may or may not be safe. The quality of both the tap water and the bottled water in Ethiopia is suspect due to poor infrastructure maintenance and a lack of Health Department regulation enforcement. 3 3 UNICEF Annual Report 2006 6 The Ethiopian Central Statistical Agency (CSA) estimates that currently 4. 18% of the households, nationwide, have access to community water systems and taps within their homes. Ethiopia Total 2004 2. 2 2006 2. 7 2008 3. 3 Current 4. 18 (cut and paste from the 2008 CSA Report) This means the vast majority of people considered to have access to ‘improved drinking water sources’ are using tanker truck delivery (very dangerous) or bottled water. (78. 6 million X 42%) – 4. 18% ) = 31. 4 million people drink non-tap water. ) The CSA also publishes a quarterly retail price listing for nearly every commodity found in Ethiopia. In 2008 the average cost per liter of bottled water was 6 birr. (Ethiopian currency) BEVERAGES NON ALCOHOLIC Ambo Mineral Water 500cc 3. 00 3. 00 3. 00 3. 17 3. 00 3. 00 2. 50 3. 00 2. 96 2. 50 3. 00 3. 00 2. 50 2. 5 Bure Mineral Water 500cc (cut and paste from the 2008 CSA Report) ! (Or †¦ US $0. 48/liter at the current exchange rate) The CSA has not been able to estimate a total volume of bottled drinking water produced or consumed. We have been told many reasons for this lack of statistical documentation. The most plausible is the lack of government oversight and a huge black market for recycling l ocal water in used plastic bottles. This is a very dangerous practice and one the central government has taken action to stop. 4 A few assumptions: W e are going to assume, in the interest of simplifying our Business Plan, that within and near the cities of Addis Ababa, Mekele, Bahra Dar, Nazerit and Awassa ( a total population of over 27 million ) there is a need for 27,000,000 liters of pure, safe drinking water every day. (27,000,000 X 365 days = nearly 10 Billion liters per year) (One liter of safe drinking water per day is the World Health Organization’s minimum requirement. ) 4 Ethiopian Health Ministry 2008 7 Our Pilot Program Cities: 10% Purchase Vicinity of Population Addis Ababa 15,375,000 15% Purchase 20% Purchase 5% Purchase Bottled Water at US $0. 50/liter Bottled Water at US $0. 40/liter Bottled Water at US $0. 30/liter Bottled Water at US $0. 20/liter 1,537,500 2,306,250 3,075,000 3,843,750 Nazerit 3,580,000 358,000 537,000 716,000 895,000 Bahri Dar 1,790,000 179,000 266,850 355,800 447,500 Awasa 1,430,000 143,000 214,500 286,000 357,500 Mekele 4,825,000 482,500 723,750 965,000 1,206,250 27,000,000 2,700,0 00 4,050,000 5,400,000 6,750,000 $1,350,000 $1,620,000 $1,620,000 $1,350,000 $492,750 ,000 $591,300,000 $591,300,000 $492,750,000 Population Market Value Market Value Per Day Per Year Our Pilot Program Market Our Pilot Program Market focuses on five major cities in Ethiopia. We can take a very conservative but educated guess that 15% of the 27 million population is capable of purchasing 1 liter of drinking water every day for US 0. 40/liter. (about a billion and a half liters per year demand) 1,248,000 liters (62,400 20-Liter USAgua Bottles) is the annual sales figure we have projected for each of our USAgua Kiosks. Or less than one tenth of one percent (. 001%) of our Pilot Program Middle-class Market Demand. Our Kiosks are actually capable of physically producing ,920,000 liters of safe, clean drinking water annually, but for budgeting and logistical reasons as well as a conservative margin of safety, we are building our Business Model on a 1,248,000 liters/year basis or a 4,000 liters per day sales capacity, six days per week. ! The total cost to our USAgua Kiosk Program to produce, bottle and sell safe, clean drinking water is less than $0. 10 per liter The un iversal laws of supply and demand would tell us that we could completely dominate the ‘Bottled Drinking Water Industry’ in our Pilot Program Market. By assuring two things Highest Quality, Lowest Price we should expect to capture a substantial share of this huge market while at the same time realizing a very profitable return on investment very quickly. It is not difficult to imagine 40 USAgua Kiosks working profitably within Ethiopia within two years of start-up. 8 Market Strategy The Market for pure, clean, safe drinking water already exists. It is large, growing and lucrative. Our dominant piece of that worldwide market is what we will develop. Branding†¦ W e own the internet web domain and the trade marked name, USAguaâ„ ¢. We are now in the process of building a comprehensive website that will address everything from the biology of parasites, bacteria and viruses to the science of removing those contaminants from our drinking water. It will show how important safe drinking water is to individuals, societies and economies. It will differentiate our USAgua Water Purification Kiosks from our competition, the bottled water industry. Our website will play very well in East Africa. Since the election of President Obama, a new, very pro-American, attitude has emerged. America and all things American are now very popular. Our USAgua Kiosks provide safe drinking water at standards equal to or better than our American EPA standards for domestic drinking water. In East Africa, they trust our standards and want that same high quality for their families. Our Kiosks are painted in American national colors. The USA in USAgua is meant to emphasize our American roots and our American standards. When a USAgua Kiosk is delivered to an African community our customers will feel that part of America has arrived. Our USAgua 20-liter plastic bottles are designed to be used and re-used and re-used by the family to which they are assigned. The boldly branded bottles can not be refilled by anyone other than our Kiosk operator. Our branded one-liter personal bottles will be carried with pride on the streets of our communities. The name, USAgua, will be synonymous with American high quality and good health. Lower retail pricing†¦ W e know there is a large and growing demand for safe, pure drinking water. On the macro scale this is evidenced by the rise of the bottled water industry in every city and village in the world. In Ethiopia, our Pilot Program Market, we know the retail price of a liter of bottled water is US$0. 48. The laws of supply and demand dictate that as the price is lowered, the demand rises. The cost of our water, including all business related expectations, is less than US $0. 10 per liter. We will price our product to maximize both the quantity sold and the profit generated. 9 Flyers and Brochures Distributed Locally †¦. And a billboard or two Because each of our USAgua Kiosks are designed to satisfy the drinking water demand of only 400 families per day, (we are saying 10 liters per family per day) the geographic market area for each of our Kiosks is small, (by design) less than one square kilometer. Prior to our Kiosks arriving at their final destinations, a local flyer and brochure campaign will saturate the area to introduce our program. Community meetings will be held to educate members of our market and sell our products. A large colorful bill-board will be erected so that people will begin identifying our branding. 10 Competition: The Competition for our Pilot Program Market (and every other market in the developing world, for that matter) consists of a handful of legitimate Centralized Water Bottling and Distribution Companies as well as black-market water bottle recycling scams. The government is now in the process of both adopting new quality standards for all bottled water plus they are developing the means to enforce those standards. Because none of the major international bottled water producers (Danone, Nestle, and Coca-Cola) have entered the African markets, statistical documentation is lacking for total production and demand. We do know a few things, however. First is that the existing legitimate bottled water industry depends on centralized plants that are, by definition, saddled with the tremendous costs associated with transporting heir product to market. Plus, they must purchase plastic bottles that will be used only once, but then become potential competition as those same bottles are refilled on the black-market and resold. We also know that the end user of bottled water is becoming much more sophisticated. They know full well the problem with boot-legged water and in most cases have gone back to boiling local water (at a tremendous expense in f uel) rather than purchase suspect bottled water. The Bottled Water Industry is not the answer for the Developing World. 11 Product Development †¦.. some history For generations, scientists around the world have known that viruses, parasites and bacteria are present in much of the water we drink. They have also known that these tiniest of creatures are the source of the water borne diseases that have plagued humanity since Lucy stood up on her two legs and peered over the tall grasses of the African Savannah. Personal Note: McDonald was stationed in the Awash Valley of Ethiopia in 1973-75 only 20 miles from where Lucy – Australopithecus afarensisr was discovered. On several occasions his Agricultural School and Farm hosted Lucy’s rcheologists. They appreciated the water system he had developed that pulled water from the muddy Awash River and provided them safe, pure drinking water. In the developed world, from our largest cities to our smallest villages, our technology has solved the problem of purifying our waters. In America, we long ago realized the importance of safe water to the overall health and well being of our society . It was so important to previous generations that they mandated our government to set and enforce the highest water standards in the world. Our municipal and community water systems now process and distribute a dependable flow of amazingly inexpensive water to the homes of every citizen. The success of America is due, in no small part, to the overall health of our people. And, the overall health of our people is, in no small part, due to our wonderful communal water systems. On the macro scale, the per gallon cost of water in America is very small; a penny or two a gallon at the most. The reality is, however, that a water purification plant and a distribution network are tremendously expensive to develop and operate; tens of millions of dollars. And, the technical sophistication necessary to maintain these systems is overwhelming to any but the most advanced economies. For so many reasons (economic, political, cultural, technical) there is little hope that the vast majority of people in the second and third worlds will ever be able to build and maintain the water systems necessary to provide safe water for their people. Even now, as a burgeoning middle class emerges, the central governments are powerless to act. The problem is just too large and the costs too high. 12 Product Development †¦. the Stars Line Up The USAguaâ„ ¢ Pure Water Kiosk Program is†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Four Components. The product we sell is clean, pure, safe drinking water. How we produce, market and sell our product is through our USAgua Pure Water Kiosks Program. Our Kiosk Program brings together four independent but equally important physical components. Namely: Ultra-Filtration, Solar Power, Retro-fitted Freight Containers and Keyed, Tamper-proof 20-liter Bottles. 1. Ultra-Filtration†¦ This is a water filtration method developed and patented by Norit X-Flow, a member of the global Norit Companies. Norit is headquartered in the Netherlands with sales offices throughout the world including one just outside of Chicago. Ultra-filtration is easy to visualize. Picture a bundle of spaghetti sized perforated tubes through which polluted water is pumped under pressure. The perforations are so small that they block viruses, bacteria and parasites down to a ‘Log 2-4’ EPA rating. This means that the water they process is 99. 99% pure or better when it leaves their system. And, because the filters require only ‘back-flushing’ instead of costly filter replacements, the long-term costs are minimized. Norit’s filters can be used for months and then ‘back-flushed’ to remove all contaminants. The actual filters will last for years. Ultra-filtration is truly a marvelous breakthrough. One of the first applications that Norit X-Flow developed for its Ultra-filter technology was a very clever machine they call the Perfector-E Mobile Water Purification System. It was originally designed for emergency responders to be used in the aftermath of devastating natural disasters; earthquakes, floods and hurricanes. The systems are small, strong and highly mobile. They can be transported and set up in any disaster area within hours. They are totally self contained and can draw and purify water from almost any source including exposed surface waters, local lakes, rivers, ponds and irrigation systems. The Perfector-E System can provide literally thousands of gallons of pure, safe drinking water per day to a disaster area under the most extreme conditions. And, there is another very positive aspect to Norit’s system. It is not a big energy user. With some adaptations, we can actually run the systems exclusively on solar power. 13 2. The second basic technology we have employed is Solar Power. Our Kiosks, including all the necessary pumps, batteries, electronics and lighting requirements run perfectly using a Solar Power package designed specifically for our needs. Our solar energy system was designed by H-Dot Logic, a solar engineering company here in Seattle. The initial costs of the solar option are steep, but the long term reliability, the fact that we don’t depend on any outside sources of energy and the nearlymaintenance-free specifications we have developed, make them a perfect fit in developing countries. . Our Kiosks – Our Containers. We have chosen to utilize universally available, standard steal 20 foot cargo containers as the physical basis of our Kiosk system. Containers are strong and secure. They are easily transported on any flatbed truck in the world, and once they are delivered to our overseas locations, they will serve as the actual retail Kiosk facility. Our in-house engineers ha ve designed the retro-fit of the containers to comfortably house all the various components in and around the retail shell. The solar panels, the gravel pre-filters, the external raw water storage tank, the internal finished water storage tank with the UV sterilizer, the Ultra-filter modules, the pumps, the battery packs, all the electronics and a water testing system are all neatly configured inside the container. In addition to designing the retrofit, our Kiosk’s will have a copy written exterior color and graphic scheme. The graphic scheme, once painted on our containers will provide a great advertising platform for our USAgua Brand. A prototype unit still needs to be assembled. USAgua Kiosk # 0001, the prototype, will be assembled in Seattle, Washington. A careful documentation video of the specifications and assembly methods will be produced. This process will take about four months to accomplish. Once the first Kiosk is ready it will be shipped from the Port of Seattle to Ethiopia. Once in Ethiopia, USAgua #0001 will be delivered to our Central Assembly Fabrication facility. Our local Management will use it to train a team of assembly mechanics. We will then begin purchasing containers on the local market and preparing them for the arrival of our Filter and Solar modules. Within a four month period, we will be assembling and delivering two complete USAgua units per month. 4. The Keyed-Tamper Proof Bottle Program: One of the reasons the bottled water industry is not a good fit for the developing world is because the plastic bottles are disposable. Each new bottle, when discarded becomes a potential competitor as people refill the bottle and sell it on the black market. Our USAgua bottles are specially designed to discourage re-use by anyone but the family to which it was assigned. The bottles will have a tamper proof valve and seal that can only be refilled at USAgua Kiosks. This makes the bottles un-usable outside our network and assures our customers that the water inside our stamped and sealed bottles has not been counterfeited on the black market. Our prominent USAgua Logo on each bottle will help promote our brand where ever it is found. 14 Organizational Development Thirty years of experience working in developing countries has taught us many things. One of the most important is that without a very involved and powerful Management presence ‘on the ground’, no program can succeed. For the success of any project in the developing world, including ours, it is vitally important that we back-up our 21st century technology with an equally robust Management and Operations Program based on century’s old tried and true Business Practices. We call our In-Country USAgua International Management and Operations Program ‘Our Partnership Program’. It is based on five powerful strategies: 1. Recruiting the best and the brightest. Every developing country in the world has vibrant, honest, well educated, hardworking, entrepreneurs looking for an opportunity to improve themselves, their families and their communities. Our Country Director will identify and recruit these individuals. We will offer them a good basic family wage with the added incentive of merit-based pay raises. 2. In-Country Training for our Operators Our USAgua in-country Management Staff will train every recruit in Kiosk system functions, maintenance procedures, program hygiene, local marketing and program bookkeeping. Trainees will work with seasoned Operators during a six month apprenticeship program. If they prove themselves capable, they will be offered a position as an Operator or Operator’s Helper for one of our USAgua Kiosks. . In-Country Operations Management. We will have one Project Manager for every 10 USAgua Kiosk Operators. These Project Managers will visit each Kiosk Operator every month to make sure that the extremely high USAgua standards are being met and maintained. The PM’s are also in charge of auditing and banking functions. There will be zero tolerance for bookkeeping errors. In addition to our Project Managers, we have a Maintenance Repair team that routinely visits each Kiosk making sure that no small maintenance problem becomes a big repair problem due to lack of Operator vigilance. 4. Advertising and Marketing Support Each Kiosk comes with an introductory advertising budget for local marketing. We will saturate any new locale with USAgua literature. In addition, our Staff will visit each Kiosk to conduct community seminars in water quality and family hygiene. 15 5. Operators to Owners Program After two years as a USAgua Operator we will offer some of our most gifted and hardworking employees the opportunity to purchase their own USAgua Kiosk. We are wholly convinced that there exists a universally powerful business strategy that assures the success of a program such as ours. This is called ‘pride in ownership’ and we intend to tap that strategy to its fullest. Our US Office The home office of McDonald Management is in Seattle, Washington as will be the home offices of USAgua International, Inc. At the top of our organizational chart is the President and CEO, Timothy McDonald. Mr. McDonald has a BS in International Economics (minor in Civil Engineering) with Masters work in International Economics all from the University of Washington. He has been in and out of East Africa for over thirty years with our State Department as both an employee and an independent contractor. He will oversee day to day operations both in the US and overseas. Norit X-Flow International will provide the Ultra-filtration modules. H-Dot Logic will provide the solar package design and modules. R. L. Clark and Associates of Redmond, Washington will be in charge of Investor Relations, financial program development and implementation. Bahiru G. Egziabiher will be the Country Director in Ethiopia for our Pilot Market Program. He holds a Masters in Electrical Engineering from the University of Washington and has worked for Seattle City Light for over twenty years. Bahiru holds duel US and Ethiopian citizenship. Dalrymple and Associates will be in charge of our Kiosk design and equipment coordination. In addition his company has designed our logo, the graphic presentation of our USAgua name and our color schemes and themes. RedRover Marketing will be in charge of our website design, maintenance and hosting. Our Office in Ethiopia W e will lease a centralized office/warehouse facility in Addis Ababa where we will identify, recruit and train a team of assemblers and fabricators to retrofit our containers, install our filtration systems, our solar modules and our storage tanks. Our paint shop will brand each Kiosk with our name, our logo and our color scheme. 16 Bahiru Egziabiher, our Country Director, will be in charge of our Ethiopia operations including the central warehouse and assembly facility. He will oversee the assembly of two complete USAgua Kiosks per month once we get underway. McDonald and Exziabiher and, eventually, a small team of Project Managers, will identify, recruit and train a Network of USAgua Operators. These Project Managers will be responsible for assuring the high standards of training, maintenance, product quality and accounting standards for each of their Network Operators. Within two years there will be 40 Kiosks producing pure water in Ethiopia. There will be one Project Manager for every ten Kiosks. Our Operator Network is the key to our program. Once our USAgua Operators are identified and recruited, they will go through a thorough training program. They will serve a two year apprenticeship and then, if they have proven themselves capable of maintaining our extremely high standards, they will be given the opportunity to own their own Kiosk. In this way we will tap the entrepreneurial spirit of those who will make our entire program a success. How Hard is it to Enter the Ethiopian Market? The World Bank ranks countries world wide by their ‘Ease of Doing Business’. Of the 183 countries rated, Ethiopia ranks #107. In comparison, Egypt is #106 and Kenya is #95. Since 1993 when the people of Ethiopia removed their previous communist government and replaced it with one decisively more moderate and business friendly, the new leadership has striven to open its economy to a more capitalistic model. In the past 10 years, Ethiopia has been gradually re-writing its constitution in an attempt to open new markets and stabilize its business community. These efforts have paid off. In 2008-9 the World Bank ranked Ethiopia at #122 for ‘ease of starting a business’. This year they are ranked # 93. And, they are getting better every year. The following statistics are all from the World Bank. Ease of doing Business 107 Starting a Business 93 Dealing with Construction Permits 60 Employing Workers 98 Registering Property 110 Getting Credit 127 Protecting Investors 119 Paying Taxes 43 Trading Across Borders 159 Enforcing Contracts 57 Closing a Business 77 Summary of Indicators Ethiopia Starting a Business Procedures (number) 5 Time (days) 9 Cost (% of income per capita) 18. 9 Min. capital (% of income per capita) 492. 4 17 Dealing with Construction Permits Procedures (number) 12 Time (days) 128 Cost (% of income per capita) 561. 3 Employing Workers Difficulty of hiring index (0-100) 33 Rigidity of hours index (0-100) 20 Difficulty of redundancy index (0-10) 30 Rigidity of employment index (0-100) 28 Redundancy costs (weeks of salary) 40 Registering Property Procedures (number) 10 Time (days) 41 Cost (% of property value) 2. 2 Getting Credit Strength of legal rights index (0-10) 4 Depth of credit information index (0-6) 2 Public registry coverage (% of adults) 0. 1 Private bureau coverage (% of adults) 0. 0 Protecting Investors Extent of disclosure index (0-10) 4 Extent of director liability index (0-10) 4 Ease of shareholder suits index (0-10) 5 Strength of investor protection index (0-10) 4. 3 Paying Taxes Payments (number per year) 19 Time (hours per year) 198 Profit tax (%) 26. 8 Labor tax and contributions (%) 0. 0 Other taxes (%) 4. 3 Total tax rate (% profit) 31. 1 Trading Across Borders Documents to export (number) 8 Time to export (days) 49 Cost to export (US$ per container) 1940 Documents to import (number) 8 Time to import (days) 45 Cost to import (US$ per container) 2993 Enforcing Contracts Procedures (number) 37 Time (days) 620 Cost (% of claim) 15. 2 Taking into account the above information provided by the World Bank, it will take McDonald Management about 90 days to secure all the necessary permits, licenses, patent protection registrations and lease agreements in Ethiopia. This will all be done prior to our first Kiosk leaving the US. 8 Mile Stones First Three Months Investors have been identified and secured†¦ A US $2,200,000 credit line is opened †¦ Dalrymple Associates secures a short term warehouse lease where the prototype Kiosk will be assembled and the process documented. Norit X-Flow, H-Dot Logic and USAgua finalize specifications for the prototype filter/solar modules The USAgua Prototype is completed and Unit #0001 is prepared for shipment to Africa In Month One, McD onald and Exziabiher leave for East Africa to secure business licenses and leases. While in Africa McDonald and Exziabiher identify and recruit a team of mechanics and fabricators as well as a Project Manager. They identify the first five individuals for the USAgua Operators Network. Months 4 and 5 USAgua Kiosk number 0001 is shipped from Seattle to Addis Ababa USAgua Seattle begins producing and shipping filter/power modules to Ethiopia at the rate of 2 units per month. Containers are purchased and retrofitted in our Addis Ababa facility at the rate of 2 units per month. Assembly begins and the first delivery of a unit is accomplished. Months 6 -12 All elements of our program are coordinated and we are assembling and placing USAgua Kiosks in client communities at the steady rate of 2 units per month. Project Managers and Operators are continuing the training, quality control and apprenticeship programs. Month 13 W e achieve income/expense financial Break Even Month 24 The first 40 USAgua Kiosks are in place and working. The first USAgua Operator recruits are offered ownership of their Kiosks. 19 Business Plan Summary W e are confident that a vibrant and lucrative market for safe, clean drinking water exists in every country of the world. We are also confident that we have the right Technology and Business Model to enter and eventually dominate those markets. To prove this, we are going to introduce 40 of our USAgua Kiosks into the Ethiopian market. There we will show that our technology is exactly right; that each of our Kiosks can be operated and maintained profitably for years. And, that our Business Model is sound and worthy of the trust our investors have shown. We have developed a set of financial projections. These itemize the key elements of our program and put a dollar figure on their implementation. They show that an initial two year investment of US $2,200,000 will produce an operating income/expense breakeven within a year and actual profit by the end of the 40 Unit 2 Year Pilot Program. Anyone interested in viewing our Financial Report, please, call Timothy McDonald. He will be more than happy to send along our spreadsheets. Many Thanks, Timothy McDonald 206-257-9839 20

Women in India free essay sample

Other Sikh Gurus also preached against the discrimination against women. See also: Women in Sikhism Historical practices Traditions among some communities such as sati, jauhar, and devadasi have been banned and are largely defunct in modern India. However, some cases of these practices are still found in remote parts of India. The purdah is still practised by Indian women among some communities, and child marriage remains prevalent despite it being an illegal practice, especially under current Indian laws. Sati Sati is an old, largely defunct custom, among some communities in which the widow was immolated alive on her husbands funeral pyre. Although the act was supposed to be a voluntary on the widows part, it is believed to have been sometimes forced on the widow. It was abolished by the British in 1829. There have been around forty reported cases of sati since independence. [21] In 1987, the Roop Kanwar case of Rajasthan led to The Commission of Sati (Prevention) Act. We will write a custom essay sample on Women in India or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page [22] Jauhar Jauhar refers to the practice of the voluntary immolation of all the wives and daughters of defeated warriors, in order to avoid capture and consequent molestation by the enemy. The practice was followed by the wives of defeated Rajput rulers, who are known to place a high premium on honour. Purdah Purdah is the practice among some communities of requiring women to cover their bodies so as to cover their skin and conceal their form. It imposes restrictions on the mobility of women, it curtails their right to interact freely and it is a symbol of the subordination of women. It does not reflect the religious teachings of either Hinduism or Islam, contrary to common belief, although misconception has occurred due to the ignorance and prejudices of religious leaders of both faiths. citation needed] Devadasis Devadasi is a religious practice in some parts of southern India, in which women are married to a deity or temple. The ritual was well established by the 10th century A. D. [23] In the later period, the illegitimate sexual exploitation of the devadasis became a norm in some parts of India. British rule European scholars observed in the 19th century that Hind u women are naturally chaste and more virtuous than other women. [24] During the British Raj, many reformers such as Ram Mohan Roy, Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar, Jyotirao Phule etc. fought for the upliftment of women. Peary Charan Sarkar, a former student of Hindu College, Calcutta and a member of Young Bengal set up the first free school for girls in India in 1847 in Barasat, a suburb of Calcutta (later the school was named Kalikrishna Girls High School). While this list might suggest that there was no positive British contribution during the Raj era, that is not entirely so, since missionaries wives like Martha Mault nee Mead and her daughter Eliza Caldwell nee Mault are rightly remembered for pioneering the education and training of girls in south India a practise that initially met with local resistance, as it flew in the face of tradition. Raja Rammohan Roys efforts led to the abolition of the Sati practice under Governor-General William Cavendish-Bentinck in 1829. Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagars crusade for the improvement in condition of widows led to the Widow Remarriage Act of 1856. Many women reformers such as Pandita Ramabai also helped the cause of women upliftment. Kittur Chennamma, the queen of the princely state Kittur in Karnataka[citation needed], led an armed rebellion against the British in response to the Doctrine of lapse. Abbakka Rani the queen of coastal Karnataka led the defence against invading European armies notably the Portuguese in 16th century. Rani Lakshmi Bai, the Queen of Jhansi, led the Indian Rebellion of 1857 against the British. She is now widely considered as a nationalist hero. Begum Hazrat Mahal, the co-ruler of Awadh, was another ruler who led the revolt of 1857. She refused the deals with the British and later retreated to Nepal. The Begums of Bhopal were also few of the notable female rulers during this period. They did not observe purdah and were trained in martial arts. Chandramukhi Basu, Kadambini Ganguly and Anandi Gopal Joshi were few of the earliest Indian women to obtain educational degrees. In 1917, the first womens delegation met the Secretary of State to demand womens political rights, supported by the Indian National Congress. The All India Womens Education Conference was held in Pune in 1927[citation needed]. In 1929, the Child Marriage Restraint Act was passed, stipulating fourteen as the minimum age of marriage for a girl through the efforts of Mahomed Ali Jinnah. [19][25] Though Mahatma Gandhi himself married at the age of thirteen, he later urged people to boycott child marriages and called upon the young men to marry the child widows. [26] Women played an important part in Indias independence struggle. Some of the famous freedom fighters include Bhikaji Cama, Dr. Annie Besant, Pritilata Waddedar, Vijayalakshmi Pandit, Rajkumari Amrit Kaur, Aruna Asaf Ali, Sucheta Kriplani and Kasturba Gandhi. Other notable names include Muthulakshmi Reddy, Durgabai Deshmukh etc. The Rani of Jhansi Regiment of Subhas Chandra Boses Indian National Army consisted entirely of women including Captain Lakshmi Sahgal. Sarojini Naidu, a poet and a freedom fighter, was the first Indian woman to become the President of the Indian National Congress and the first woman to become the governor of a state in India. Women in India free essay sample Traditions taboo women from preforming certain tasks. The only thing they are expected to do is nurture and care for their husbands. A woman who is educated is unlikely to get married because they have the power to fight back and speak up against abuse. Some culture allows men to rape their wife if they refuse to have sex and no form of punishment is given to the husband. My research paper is about rape and abuse of women in India. I began my research at Borough of Manhattan college library as well as Half the Sky book that I read in class. Most of the information is found in the book so I use BMCC library for additional information if needed. Also, my teacher at school assists me with finding information if I have difficulty doing so. Half the sky has been an excellent source of information, providing me with accurate information to my research unfortunately, when I use BMCC library the information I gathered from the internet isn’t useful. We will write a custom essay sample on Women in India or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I inputted key words from topic like rape in India, abuse in India and India in general. There’s still no information there for me to use. I continue to use the book until I find data that is relevant to my paper. One of the reasons why women are targeted is because they lack education. Women who have education are less likely to be attack because they have a voice to speak up against rape and these are the women who create projects to help hopeless women. â€Å"In developing countries, tormenting the illiterate is usually risk-free; preying on the educated is more perilous. †(Kristoff 50) Women with education are stronger than illiterate women because they cannot be strict into agreements that will cause their lives and preying on the weak will cause fewer problems. There’s highly a chance of the victims receiving justice. â€Å"That is the power of education. One study after another has shown that educating girls is one of the most effective ways to fight poverty. †(Kristoff 169) Education has so much to do with women in India but there are not enough facilities to educate these women. Uneducated women always end up in the slum of India and bear the abuse that is inflected on them. Women, in India, have no voice even the government is against women’s right and women in politics are forbidden. More broadly the single most important way to encourage women and girls to stand up for their rights is education and we can do far more to promote universal education in poor countries. † (Kristoff 5) In some countries, women are used for the tool of war. Giving their women to other countries as a peace offering and they can do whatever they want to them including rape and abuse them. If women had education none of this would be happening around the world. â€Å"Rape is only the tip of the iceberg in a country where women face a broad range of violence and discrimination that leads to the deaths of almost 2 million women a year†. Harris A. 4) Men, in general, is considered as society and set rules that are against women’s rights. For example, a man can marry as many wives as they want and can abuse them if necessary creating a polygamy family. If a women were suppose marry as many men as she wants, she will be called hurtful names and stoned to death by family members. The abuse of women is endless and living in a patriarchal society there’s injustice against women. Another reason is culture. There are many cultures in India and traditions are very imperative to them. Therefore, everyone has to obey the rules and regulation and changing their culture is not an option. In some cultures, it’s okay for a husband to rape and abuse their wives if they refuse sex and do not perform their house hold duties. â€Å"There are good practical as well as cultural reasons for women to accept abuse rather than fight back and risk being killed† (Kristoff 47) There’s no reason for a women to get married if they’re going to get abuse all the time for no particular reason. Women cannot report abuse or bring the culprit to court because they will receive no form of justice base on their gender. Its cultural rules, those women have to endure any form of abuse. â€Å"In India, a â€Å"bride burning†Ã¢â‚¬â€to punish a woman for an inadequate dowry or to eliminate her so a man can remarry. † (T. N. M 375) As you can see, men will do anything to a women if they refuse sex even kill them if they have to. There’s a particular culture that allows men to stone their wives to death, if they don’t show signs of their virtue (blooding after having sex for the first time), in front of their father. This is called â€Å"cult of virginity†. Again you see that men control everything and can do what they want. Women have no justice in society because they are the target and they live in fear; fearing when their lives is coming to an end. â€Å"Government statistics show a woman is raped every 20 minutes in India, but the countrys conviction rate for the crime is one of the lowest in the world†. ( Fritzmaurice 14) Men in India, destroy women drastically so they think that their worthless and weak and there’s no hope for them. The effect is so traumatizing that they are afraid to act against domestic violence and this has a permanent effect on them. Everything rotates around culture because their traditions begun with men controlling everything and women cannot participate in any leadership role but men. â€Å"Government statistics show a woman is raped every 20 minutes in India, but the countrys conviction rate for the crime is one of the lowest in the world. † Therefore, women have been growing up in a patriarchal society where men have the final saying in everything pertain to women and they cannot made any decisions for themselves or else they will be tabooed from their village. One of the major problems that Indian women face on a daily basis is sex trafficking. Majority of women in India has been introduce to prostitution from a very young age. The conditions they live in are unbearable and escaping from the brothels isn’t an option. Many girls have been kidnapped or sold to brothel owners from a young age. They started to have sex from the age of three. These young children know nothing about how the world operates because they spend their entire lives in the brothel having sex and being abused. They obey the owners because prostitution is the only thing they know how to do. Besides, the consequences of disobeying are unbearable. Sometimes the owners exaggerate and cause serious damages. For example, Meena tried to escape from the brothels but she was caught and was beaten badly and was left in the room in a pool of blood. ( Kristoff 34) Also, they have been beaten by customers and owners because of customer dissatisfaction. Leaving the brothel isn’t an option for most women because the owners threaten them with the shame of being a prostitute and what effect it will have on the family. This can cause â€Å"honor killing† in which a relative brutally kill the woman who has brought shame among the family. Honor killing is a cultural aspect against women as well. â€Å"Laws protecting women against economic exploitation, prostitution and rape are weak† (T. N. M 375) Women has been suffering from religious or government laws rather than benefitting from it. Furthermore, in India, where caste system is relevant to their society, girls are forced into prostitution by their mother. These girls will suffer from rape and abuse as long as there in the brothels. Case in point, abuses in brothels will never stop because they forced young kids into prostitution and they refused to have sex. The damages can be severe and leave bruises that will last a life time. As I said before, rape and abuse is endless until someone speak against these violence. Women bear these abuses every day because their obligation to it or else they will be killed. India has the highest rate of women abuse and it can go down if one person will fight against abuse. All it takes is just one behave person to stand up and the rest will follow. In the half the sky, Kristoff wanted to interview a rape victim but they all were shy and scared until one was appointed to him. They took her outside for questioning ten minutes later; there was a line fill of rape victims ready to tell their stories. These abuses sometimes lead women in the form of depression, isolation and poor reproductive health conditions. When will the torture of women stop?

web site e commernce

web site e commernce Current network architecture of companyUnited mission to Nepal it is Social organization which helps to the poor children to study and make them able to study, it help to the children who are unable to read. It Have many project one of them is to increase the literacy percentage of Nepal, United mission to nepal is a multicultural teams of nepali nationals and volunteerUnited mission to Nepal is a social organization which maintaining their data communication in their organization, it was establish in 2004 it have very less number of student and employ at the begin now the organization is growing because of it goal, it's project is growing from east to west of Nepal. It also help to street children for their better quality of life .Their mission is to minister to give the needs of the people of nepal and to raise the community of servants in fellowship with the communityThey have different organization in different place of Nepal with LANS and WANS, internet, VPN and with RASUnited m ission to Nepal have different branch in NepalFig : where the branch are been plantedHow Networks setup in their organization:Now the organization have centralized database in windows server2000.It has two three office one in pokhara another in Kathmanduand last one is in heatuda, it use the ISP (internet Service provider) provide by the Global Network connection to connect to the center data base and VPN (virtual private network) to connect With each other, They use the MYSQL in the center computer in kathmandu and the VPN (virtual Private network to connect) and maintain their data and access user control Locally. So the user can access the locally by using the RAS and the internet respectively.An whole view of the...

Theorist Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Theorist - Research Paper Example Freud was born in 1856 in to a family that consisted of his father and his third wife. At that time Freud was the first child born by this union which afterward would bring seven brothers and sisters. An interesting point to make is that he also had half-brothers who were similar in age to his mother and Freuds nephew was a bit older than he was at this time. (Rowel, 1999-2009). The experience of living in this type of family dynamics may have given rise to his interested in how children were developed. Freud was a genius and a deep thinker. As he was growing up he studied Shakespeare before he was 10 years old, and during his adolescence he was able to listen to a lecture by the great philosopher Goethe which was said to have made a great impression on him (Rowel). Freud studied at Vienna University and majored in medicine. He was particularly interested in the nervous system at that time. He later married and had six children with his wife Martha. As he set up practice, his first area of study was nervous disorders and he wrote extensively on cocaine (Rowel). Freud coined the word "psychoanalysis" and this is what he is most famous for beyond his look at child development. When his father died in 1897 it caused sever emotional challenges for Freud and he began to self-analyze himself through his dreams. Freud later became a psychiatrist and developed his structural theory after work within a mental institution. Freud published a book in 1923 that he called, "The Ego and Id" which many people suggest was the beginning of his structural theory. Most people will recognize his association with the id, ego and superego whether they agree with him or not. Freud believed that the id, ego and superego formed together to help a person in their personality. As he developed this understanding and applied it to child development he found that children usually went through several stages that had something to do with their

Contemporary Issues and Policies Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Contemporary Issues and Policies - Term Paper Example Consequently it shows hot information technology influences the structure and processes of the organization and policies that impact the project. Physical therapy is a health care profession that deals with the identification and maximization of the quality of life through prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation. It involves an active interaction between the therapist, patient, families, community and other health professionals/providers. It is in this field that Outpatient Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Services (OTPRS) operates. OTPRS offers both physical therapy (neck and back, shoulder, elbow, wrist, hand, hip, knee and ankle), and specialty programs (occupational and hand therapy, vestibular/ balance program, sports medicine, work related injuries, medical gym, chronic pain management, massage therapy, women’s health). In order to fit and remain competitive in the market, OTPRS has laid down strategies to incorporate the current issues and policies in US and the world. This is due to the realization that globalization as a modern issue demands for expansion of economic interdependence as a conscious state and organization strategy (Mastanduno, 2001). United States has modeled itself into a modern epitome of democracy with a good social, economic and political facet that is admired by many. The result has been an influx of people into US seeking employment, citizenship, health care and education. These people are from a different culture of the world. In order to incorporate this new group of potential clientele, OTPRS has embarked on an expansion project that seeks to study these new markets in line with their ethical and cultural backgrounds. However, it draws caution of the looming effect of new competition from Asian Tigers who offer cheaper therapeutic services to the market. This has prompted the organization to upscale its standard of operation to offer competent services without necessarily having to lower prices. OTPRS is a ware of an increase in the aging population in United States. There has been a constant 12.4 percentage increase in the number of persons 65 years of age and above (CDC, 2004). The population is characterized with functional limitation and a high prevalence of chronic diseases, hence, a high demand for therapeutic services. This trend has forced the company to expand its capacity in service provision though its 5 centers (Auburn, Covington, Covington Satellite, Maple Valley and Kent) and its online program. Through its online program, a patient can request for an appointment, pay their bills online, or even refer another patient to the organization. OTPRS operates in the health care industry with three major payers: government (Federal, State and local; employers and the health care consumers. Trends of consumption have shown that services that are covered with insurance and payment methods are consumed more that the ones borne by the customers. However, Medicare is now available to almost all of the American aging population. This is a positive aspect in the healthcare industry and will impact positively on players such as OTPRS. One of the regulations in the US health care industry is ‘The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPPA) of 1996’. It is the major regulatory policy that affects organizations that provide services to consumers within the United States (NetIQ, 2005). Others include the

Blood and Treasure by Kris James Mitchener and Joseph Mason Article

Blood and Treasure by Kris James Mitchener and Joseph Mason - Article Example History demonstrates, after all, that the post-Great Depression government and Federal Reserve were wholly unsuccessful, and mostly unable, to time their exit strategy appropriately. The metaphor of blood and treasurer in Mitchener and Mason is an appropriate one in that it connects economics with society. The connection between the government and the economy has always been a controversial one, but at moments of crisis, it becomes apparent that the government feels responsible for aiding the economy by adopting economic policies. During the Great Depression, this took the form of minimizing inflation and lowering interest rates, which is very similar to the monetary policy in reaction to the current financial crisis. Both of these strategies intend to achieve an optimal point between too much and too little, where too little makes it appear that the government is ineffective at solving economic problems (i.e. lost treasure) and where too much leads to unemployment and losses in output (i.e. lost blood). In this article, the authors attempt to provide an account of not only providing emergency assistance for an economy from the perspective of policymakers but al so providing a framework for transitioning away from the policies that could harm long-term recovery. Ultimately, this account is useful, but it is not useful in building predictions. In their introduction, Mitchener and Mason introduce a concept more frequently heard in foreign policy than in economic studies: that of â€Å"exit strategy†. In this context, the term is meant to refer to the shift back to economic conditions like steady-state growth, which encompasses stability in inflation and government intervention in the economy.

Strategies and public relations of Hilton

Strategies and public relations of Hilton In todays vital range of competitive business environment there has been a shift from traditional marketing towards more varied approaches. In particular there has been a change from transactional to relationship management in marketing. I certify that this assignment is my own work, based on my personal study and or research. I have acknowledged all material and sources used in the preparation of this assignment, including any material generated in the course of my employment. I have not copied in part, or otherwise plagiarised, the work of other students. I have read and I understand the criteria used for assessment. The assignment is within the word and page limits specified in the unit outline. In other words, the use of any material in this assignment does not infringe the intellectual property/copyright of a third party. I did very hard work for this assignment and full concentrate on my work. I did try to do my best. Hilton worldwide is the leading global hospitality company, spanning the lodging sector from luxurious full-service hotels and resorts to extended -stay suites and mid priced hotels. For 90 years, Hilton worldwide has been offering business and leisure travellers the finest in accommodations, service, amenities and value. The company is dedicated to continuing its tradition of providing exceptional guest experiences across its global brands. Its brands care comprised of its more than 3,300 hotels in 77 countries and include Waldorf Astoria hotels and resorts, Conrad hotels and resorts, Hilton double tree, Embassy suite hotels, Hilton garden Inn, Hampton Inn and suites, Homewood suites by Hilton and Hilton Grand vacations. The company also manages the world-class guest reward program Hilton HHonors. Hilton Hotels properties are renowned for their convenient and strategic locations within major countries throughout the world. Also synonymous with the brand are the high level of persona l service guest receive, and the extensive range of comprehensive business facilities available in luxurious settings. This hotel is built in 1963 as a showcase for international guests; this stunning New York City hotel has warmly welcomed families visiting the worlds fair, representatives attending political conventions and certain Fab Faur from England, coming to appear on the Ed Sullivan Show. With a multilingual staff of professionals, a wide choice of elegantly appointed accommodations, this extraordinary NYC hotel looks forward to continuing its legacy of service and guest satisfaction. MARKETING The marketing function is the study of market forces and factors and the development of a companys position to optimize its benefit from them. It is all about getting the right product. There is a difference between sales and marketing, marketing people deal with markets that contain many potential customers, and they talk to them as a group. Whereas profit or service to the customer at the right place at the right time. Marketing is much more than just advertising or PR. Its a way of doing things that starts with a potential customer and ends up with a profit. In the middle are competitors who are after the same customers and same profits. In the business as a marketing person, its necessary to use some proven tools and techniques to attack the competition and gain the customers. Marketing is the process where a company satisfies customer needs with a product and service at a price that generates a salespeople deal with a few customers and talk to them one at a time. According to me Marketing is a body of knowledge concerned with the relationship of a business to the marketplace. This market place is made up of customers, potential customers, competitors, suppliers, distribution channels, communication media and government regulations. It is a key of discipline that enables the producers of goods and services to interpret customer wants, needs and desires and match, or exceed them, in delivery to their target consumers. Marketing is also a mixture of all the activities of advertising promotion, publicity, deciding the look and feel of the product, how it will be sold and send to the consumer etc .All of these are the different parts of the marketing, they are not marketing. According to Philip Kotler (2006), Marketing is the social process by which individuals and groups obtain what they need and want through creating and exchanging products and value with others. Eric Davies and Barry Davies (2 edition), Institute of Management, Successful Marketing in a week, Marketing is the identification and profitable satisfaction of customers needs'. The Charted Institute of Marketing, Marketing is the management process responsible for identifying, anticipating and satisfying customer requirements profitably. We define marketing management as the analysis, planning, implementation and controls of programs designed to create, build and maintain beneficial exchange with target buyers for the purpose of achieving organizational objectives. According to Bennett (1995), The process of planning and executing the conception, pricing, promotion and distribution of ideas, goods and services to create exchanges that satisfy individual and organisational goals. According to handouts The American Marketing Association defines marketing as, The process of planning and executing the conception, pricing, promotion, and distribution of ideas, goods and services to create exchanges that satisfy individual and organisational goals. Facets of Marketing: Marketing has two sides first is philosophy, an attitude, a perspective or a management orientation that stress customer satisfaction. Second marketing is a set of emotions used to implement this philosophy. This is the marketing process. In hospitality marketing, the product is the experience of the guests. This experience has both a goods component (like food) and an interactive component, which we call service. In practice, hospitality employees become part of the product (experience). Another way every employee is part of the guests experience, because the typical hospitality organisation is highly personal and interactive. APPROACHES TO MARKETING Product orientation: Product orientation means focuses on the internal capabilities of the hotel rather than on the desires and needs of the marketplace. The benefits offered by a product or service can include: Convenience and accessibility. Good after-sales technical support and advice. Comfort and ease of use. Accountability- the knowledge that if things go wrong, the manufacturer will put them right. Courtesy and helpfulness of staff. Attractive, appropriate and efficient design and packaging. Peace of mind- the knowledge that you can trust the hotel, that your needs are understood and the good or service you have purchased will not let you down. Sales orientation: A sales orientation is based on the ideas that people buy more goods and services. In marketing a product is important to establish a unique selling proposition which sets business, brand or product ahead of the competition. Creating a unique selling proposition is particularly important in providing services. Unique selling propositions are usually set out in advertising. Therefore, the focus of a sales orientation is still the product, or what an operation has to offer. Marketing orientation: Marketing is based on the ideas how the product comes out in the market. The right place is profitable for the product. It focuses on customer wants and needs and integrating all the organisations activities, including production, to satisfy these wants. Achieving long-term goals for the organisation by satisfying customer wants and needs legally and responsibly. Societal Marketing Orientation: The Societal Marketing Orientation is the newest marketing concept. This concept holds that the organisation should determine the needs, wants and interests of target markets and deliver the desired satisfaction more effectively and efficiently that competitors in a way that maintains or improves the consumers and societys well being, whether the marketing concept is adequate in the age of environmental problems, resources shortage, rapid population growth, worldwide inflation and neglected social services. The pure marketing concept ignores possible conflicts between short run consumer wants and long run societal needs. Like a Hotel, Hotel chains have established no-smoking floors and no smoking sections in their restaurants. Fast-food restaurants that practice the societal marketing concept pursues more environmentally sound packaging and produce foods with more nutritional value. Resort developers must consider the impact on the environment not only of their initial construction but also of the disposal of waste products and their use of water. MARKETING PLAN Marketing plan is designed to implement the strategies chosen at the corporate and strategic business unit levels. Writing a marketing plan of the hotel allows you to examine the hotel environment in conjunction with the inner working of the business. The marketing plan allows the marketing manager to enter the market place with an awareness of possibilities and problems. The development of a marketing plan every year is also important because good strategies are equal to success. It is noted that the long term effect of a marketing plan is hard to measure with precision. Ronald McDonald and Santa Claus have such things as long term effects. Elements of Marketing Plan Current Situation: Its important to assess market trends and the competition. These days, most forward thinking marketing people also involve salespeople to help their understanding. This is because sales people have an intimate knowledge of individual customers and competitors. Marketing Objectives: This is to help potential customers understand what your business does. It includes brochures, presentations and website. Salespeople should use these to describe the business and explain the benefits of your products to individual customers. There are all important goals to determine which ones you want to achieve first, second and so on and which are most easily and effectively executed. Swot Analysis: The total evaluation of a hotels strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats is called SWOT analysis. The best marketing people know exactly what they are good at, and what they are not so good at their strengths and weaknesses, it comes in internal analysis of hotel. In strategic planning opportunities and threats come in external analysis of the hotel. Competitor Analysis: Every business has competitors and its good for combined spend on promotion and advertising increases the size and growth of the market. It must understand that who is competitors, things like location, business size, website, product information and their target customer groups. Must spend time working out their strengths and weaknesses. Monitor their website every month and keep an eye open for them in a press. Try and work out what they are trying to achieve and where they are going. Try and guess how much they depend on a particular product or market. Market Research: Marketing people have come to rely too much on research, and they use it as a drunkard uses a lamppost for support, rather than for illumination. David Ogilvy Its important to know about existing and potential customers and need to establish basic information about them. Advertising and promotions assessment Market tracking Customer satisfaction Market segmentation Target Markets: It depicts which markets are most worthwhile and important for organisation. Marketing Tools: Its important to develop a sort of shopping list of the promotional tools organisation use and what budget organisation will devote to customers. Monitoring: Organisation will need to decide how it is going to monitor its performance. Monitoring is an important phase of the marketing process. SWOT Analysis HHC, like all major hotel corporations, is continuing to recover from the events of Sep.11th. This tragic human event also delivered a financially devastating blow to the travel industry as a whole and to the hotel industry in particular. In order to fully recover and thrive in the coming years, HHC must assess its overall all strengths and weaknesses as it moves forward through the new millennium. The following SWOT Analysis sheds some light on some of the pitfalls and opportunities that await the Hilton Hotels Corporation. Strengths Strengths are the positive aspects and distinctive attributes; It provides a significant market advantage. Strength is essential part and power of the hotel. Brand Recognition: Hilton has a good reputation and their name is well known. Hilton is a leader in the hotel industry. Its good to make their product, their packaging and their tangibles look different to those of their competitors, it is essential to make them support their brand values. Demand-Supply gap: Hotel remains proper gap in demand and supply products. It gives good results to the hotel and get promotion. Diversification of products: Hilton is more than hotels. They also generate revenue from gaming and entertainment. By being involved more than one industry. Hilton has a benefit of drawing from one part of its business if another part becomes less lucrative. Gaming and entertainment (as well as hotels) serve different customers needs. While this diversity does not automatically insure success, it does help the company to balance out its profits across three areas of the business. Hilton Hotel Corporation (HHC) is a well established organization and industry leader in the hotel, hospitality and gaming industry HHC is well diversified across the industry with hotels in the high end, business and mid-priced classes in their product mix Brand recognition HHC also possesses solid integration features such as owning the companies that manufacture its furniture and has invested in online reservation travel enterprises Hotel facilities: Hilton Hotel has a full service spa, a health club, an outdoor-pool, a steam room, a sauna, wireless and wired high speed internet access is available in public areas. The luxury properly features two restaurants for surcharge, guest receive, transportation including an airport shuttle and an area shuttle. Guest parking is complimentary. Event facilities consist of a ball room and conference/meeting rooms. The staff can arrange concierge services, wedding services, event catering. Guest Rooms features coffee/ tea makers and complimentary bottle water. Bathroom offers separate bathtubs and showers with handheld showerheads, phones, scales. All guest rooms are non-smoking. There are no room charges for children 12 years old and younger who occupy the same room as their parents or guardians, using existing bedding. The following fees and deposits are charge by property at time service, check -in check-out. In last, laundry facility, massage-spa treatment room and wheel chair are also available. Hilton Hotels are known for a high level of comfort and prestige. The Port of San Diego and Hilton are planning to develop a 1200-room hotel on the waterfront adjacent to the San Diego Convention Canter. The prestigious Hilton Malta promises the best in accommodation and a high standard of service for which Hilton hotels are renowned. For business or pleasure the Homewood suites by Hilton hotels are designed with all the comforts of home in mind. The Hotels are the Official Hotel Group of UK Athletics and the Great Britain and Northern Ireland Athletics Team. Hilton Hotels are now building computer files on customer preferences using a system called On Q, pronounced on cue. The Hotels are known across the globe and offer a choice of 2700 quality hotels in the UK, Europe, Asia, America, Africa and Australia. Hotel chain: Hilton Hotel develops many countries. This is the deluxe hotel in the Newyork city. Hotel chain is vital part of the strengths of the hotel. Hilton hotel is worldwide. Customer Satisfaction: Customer satisfaction with a purchase depends upon the products performance relative to a buyers expectations. A customer might experience various degrees of satisfaction. If the products performance falls short of expectations, the customer is dissatisfied. If performance matches expectations, the customer is satisfied. If performance exceeds expectations, the customer is highly satisfied or delighted. Expectations are based on customers past buying experiences. Hotel strengths with customer satisfaction as table setting, better offers, easy switch suppliers, location and good management team etc. Weaknesses HHC may be two narrowly focused making it vulnerable to a downturn in the global economy and other world-wide catastrophes that could limit global travel such as the bird-flu and a significant terrorist strike HHC may be vulnerable to workers strikes and crack down on undocumented workers in the U.S. Most of its holdings are in the U.S. Opportunities HHC should offer an array of distinctive and specialized services to the high end guests and high rollers such as Wedding planning hosting Spas that specialize in personal services Personal trainers HHC should look to expand into or acquire a cruise line A cruise ship is little more than a hotel that floats this would essentially match what it currently does with its leased properties Gaming activities would escape regulation, etc. Take advantage of emerging markets, especially with business class and mid-priced markets Threats HHC must be careful not overextend its efforts to mix entertainment and gaming Also the extension of credit and other side effects of gaming can slowly but surely nibble away profits September 11th was a major blow to the hotel industry. A similar event could result in another down turn. The hotel has many competitors like the Oberai Towers, the Marine Plaza, The Orchid, Le Meridian etc. Relationship Marketing: Relationship Marketing involves using methods and tactics to develop long term relationship with customers in order to retain them. An organisation must exceed customer satisfaction to develop a healthy relationship with customers. Traditional transactional marketing involved the organisation focusing all of its marketing efforts on attracting the customer for one off sales. Company must put into place tactics to attract customers. To attract customers promoting the product and brand, offering good quality products, services and competitive prices. Attracted customers to be retained with organisation. Methods used to retain customers include Loyalty cards, a good customer service, product variety and quality. (Handout) Marketing Strategies Marketing strategies are the means by which marketing objectives will be achieved and are generally concerned with the seven elements of the marketing mix. It deals with pricing, selling, and distributing a product .Using a market development strategy, a company or business unit can capture a larger share of an existing market for current products through market saturation and market penetration or develop new markets for current products. What a company wants to accomplish, in terms of such things as market share and volume, is a marketing objective. How the company intends to go about achieving its objectives is strategy. Strategy is the overall route to the achievement of specific objectives and should describe the means by which objectives are to be reached, the time programme and the allocation of resources. There is clear distinction between strategy, and detailed implementation, or tactics. The following headlines indicate the general content of strategy statements in the area of marketing which emerge from marketing literature:- Policies and procedures relating to the products to be offered, such as number, quality, design, branding, packaging, positioning and labelling, etc. Pricing levels to be adopted, margins and discount policies Advertising, sales promotion, direct mail, call centres and the internet, along with The mix of these, the creative approach, the type of media, type of displays, the amount to spend, etc. What emphasis is to be placed on personal selling, the sales approach. Sales training, etc. The distributive channels to be used and the relative importance of each Service levels, etc., in relation to different segments. Marketing Mix In marketing, one such conceptual framework that is particularly useful in helping practitioners structure their thinking about marketing problems is called marketing mix. To devise a product or service which will be seen as different in the eyes of prospective customers, to the point where they will prefer it to all competing substitutes, is obviously the ultimate objective of the marketer. Marketing professionals and specialist use many tactics to attract and retain their customers. These activities comprise of different concepts, the most important one being the marketing mix. There are two concepts for marketing mix: 4P and 7P. It is essential to balance the 4Ps or the 7Ps of the marketing mix. The concept of 4Ps has been long used for the product industry while the latter has emerged as a successful proposition for the services industry. According to John O Shaughnessey (1984), Product, price, promotion and distribution are factors that, within limits, are capable of being influenced or controlled. Marketing strategy can be viewed as reflecting a marketing mix of these four elements .The marketing mix is at the core of marketing. The marketing mix consists of the key decisions where marketing managers should exhibit their greatest expertise and professionalism. It has become common to summarize the elements of the marketing mix in the 4Ps- product, price, promotion and place. The seven Ps of marketing mix can be discussed as: Product Expand the line Change performance, quality or features Consolidate the line Standardize design Positioning Change the mix Branding. Price Change price, terms or conditions Skimming policies Penetration policies Promotion Change advertising or promotion Change the mix between direct mail, call centres, the internet Change selling. Place Change delivery or distribution Change service Change channels Change the degree of forward or backward integration. People People refer to the customers, employees, management and everybody else involve in it. Realize reputation of the brand Process Methods and process of providing a service Must be helpful to customers Physical (Evidence) Experience of using a product or service Brochures, Pamphlets PUBLIC RELATIONS Public relations (PR) is an important marketing tool that until recently was treated as a marketing stepchild. PR is moving into an explosive growth stage. Advertising costs continue to rise, while audience reach continues to decline. Advertising clutter reduces the impact of each ad. Sales promotion costs have also increased as channels intermediaries demand lower prices, better commissions and deals. The creative use of new events, publications, social events, community relations and other PR techniques offers companies a way to distinguish themselves and their products from their competitors. A simple definition of public relations is the development of and maintenance of good relationships with different publics. The publics are the range of different groups on which an organization is dependent. These include employees, investors, suppliers, customers, distributors, legislators/regulations/governments, pressure groups, the community, the media and even competition. Most of these groups have different interests in any particular organization. Public relations integrate with most aspects of an organizations activities. Public relations communication tools News Generation One of the most widely used is the generation of news. News is best structured around a story which can incorporate information about an organization or its products. Events Organizations can also gain peoples attention through staging or sponsoring Events. These can range from simple news conferences and seminars to exhibitions, competitive activities, anniversary dinners and stunts. All are likely to gain media coverage and draw attention to the sponsoring organizations name. They can also aid the achievement of credibility or establish images with which an organization would like to be associated. Events are also good opportunities to develop relationship with suppliers, opinion leaders and associates, as well as customers. Publications An organizations publications are another method of communication in which public relations will have an active interest. Sales support material is an obvious example, which can include brochures, manuals and presentations, usable by all personnel who have contact with the outside world. Annual reports, other public interest communiquà ©s, and special publications such as cookery books and childrens stories also provide vehicles for influencing both customers and those who can affect customers perceptions. Internal audiences and significant stakeholders are often addressed by organizational newsletters and magazines. Support for good causes Organizational support for good causes is another means of promoting an image and associating an organization with a certain set of values. This can include charity donations in return for product coupons, the sponsorship of public service activities such as festivals, and individual executives support for local community interests such as educational establishments, hospitals or crime prevention. All these provide many opportunities for publicity elsewhere. Expert opinion Individuals within an organization can also act as sources of expert opinion for journalists, public enquiries or other forms of research and investigation. Public relations managers may seek to promote the expertise in their organization through the dissemination of contact lists, and by grooming individuals interviewing and presentational skills. Visual identity Organizations also often seek to establish a visual identity through conformity of design or logos. While design can make it easier for customers to recognize an organizations products when they come across one, logos and other identification marks can be more important for internal markets as a means of signifying change or commonalty of purpose. Market Position and Services Hilton Hotels is one of the market leaders in the hotel and gaming industry in the United States. Hilton is a well-known and distinguished name in fine hotels across the United States and worldwide. In 1999, Hilton expanded aggressively by acquiring the Promus Hotel Corporation, Hampton Inn and Suites, Doubletree Hotels, Embassy Suites Hotels, and Homewood Suites. Hilton Hotels Corporation has grown to become the worlds most recognized and most successful hotel company (Hilton Innovation, 2007). With the 2006 acquisition of Hilton International, Hilton Hotels Corporation became a global force with more than 2,800 hotels in more than 80 countries throughout the world (2007). Marketing Mix theory on Hilton Hotel The marketing mix is essentially a conceptual framework that is particularly useful in helping practitioners structure their thinking about marketing problems is called marketing mix. To devise a product or service this will be seen as different in the eyes of customers. There are many different approaches to the marketing mix like 7ps. Product: There is no point in developing a product or service that no one wants to buy; it becomes first what to offer first. Hilton hotel find out what customers need or want and then develop the right product-with the right level of quality to meet those needs now and in the future. Their product is not tangible. Their perfect product must provide value for the customer. They regularly check customers satisfaction about product and their services. They also provide product of best quality to their customer. Price: Hotels price is competitive but not cheapest This business is able to compete with other larger rivals by adding extra services or details that is offer customers better value for money. . Their pricing must also provide a profit. It is the only element of the marketing mix that generates revenue everything else represents a cost. The price is used by many buyers as an indicator of quality. Promotion: It does not mean communicating just their customers. They ensure their internal stakeholders are aware of the value and attributes of their products. Hotel communicating effectively to his staff/ fellow employees so that they can be knowledgeable and share expertise with their customers. The employees look regularly at the products that account for the highest percentage of their sales. Process: Hotels process is good because customer does not see how their business runs, customers will see the work. The process of giving a service and the behavior of those who deliver are crucial to customer satisfaction. Its process is best. Never customer waited for their products, they never waste their time. They provide right information of the product to customers and the staff is helpful to them at every time. Customers keep happy by staff. There is no value in making the rest of the company run perfectly if this part is faulty. This P could be great source of competitive advantage if used wisely. Physical Evidence: Hotel provides facilities such as clean, tidy and well-decorated reception area to reassure. They also delivered financial services product in a formal setting, while a childrens birthday entertainment company adopt a relaxed approach. Although customer cannot experience the service before purchase but they talk to other people with experiences of the service. Their views do not come from the company. This Hotel engages these customers and asks for their feedback, so that they can develop reference materials. New customers can then see testimonials and are more likely to purchase with confidence. Physical presence, style, location and decoration of the hotel grabs attention, interest and, to some, creates the desire to enter and explore. People: Anyone who comes into contact with hotels customers will make an impression and that can have a profound effect-positive or negative-on customer satisfaction. The reputation of hotels brand rests in their peoples hands. So they are appropriately trained, well motivated and have the right attitude. Hotels all employees who have contact with their customers are not only properly trained, but also the right kind of peop